Technical issues related to the use of fly ash and slag. Page 2 blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate part i properties of blast furnace slag our natural aggregates, such as stone and gravel of suitable quality for concrete making, are rapidly becoming depleted in many localities. Study of strength properties of concrete by partial. Slag cement concrete the dutch experience statens vegvesen. The effect of ground copper slag gcs on the strength and fracture of cement based materials is studied. As a world leader in the building materials industry, lafargeholcim ltd and its subsidiaries have the assets necessary to meet the building and design challenges of todays increasing urbanization. Hydration mechanisms of supersulphated slag cement. Evaluation of portland cement concrete pavement with high. Note 1the material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c 595 or as a separate ingredient in concrete or mortar mixtures. Concrete properties comparison when substituting a 25%. When mixed with water and portland cement the traditional way that slag cement is used, the concrete sets and hardens into a solid monolithic mass. The properties of cement during hydration vary according to. Astm c989 09 standard specification for slag cement for. Hydration mechanisms of activated blast furnace slag dora 4ri.
The blast furnace slag cement was much less expensive than the special cement. Blast furnace slag cement an overview sciencedirect topics. Click here to download a listing of member company sales offices, arranged by state. Benefits of slag cement in concrete october 28, 2015. Gbfs is said to increase durability of concrete due to an increased setting time, which reduces. The slag cement association is the leading source of knowledge on blastfurnace slagbased cementitious products. Slag cement is often referred to as ground granulated blastfurnace slag ggbfs. Standard specification for slag cement for use in concrete. Parameters influencing the initial setting time of alkaliactivated. Find slag cement material availability and supply is an important factor to the timeline and budget of any project. Up to 15% by mass of ground copper slag was used as a portland cement replacement. The influence of slag content on compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of high volumes of slag concrete cement.
Slag cement helps reduce permeability, sulfate attack, and alkalisilica reaction creating a longer lasting and more resilient concrete. Pdf characteristics of portland blastfurnace slag cement. Mixtures include concrete containing different replacement. The use of blast furnace slag article pdf available in metalurgija sisak then zagreb 514. In fine particle form, slag cement displays cementitious qualities similar to those of ordinary portland cement opc. Lehigh slag cement product description lehigh slag cement conforms to astm c989aashto m 302 standard specifications for slag cement as a constituent in concrete and mortars and csa a3001 cementitious material for use in concrete. In 1955, blast furnace slag cement was classified into a, b, and c according to the content of blast furnace slag. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing. Technical issues related to the use of fly ash and slag during the latefall low temperature construction season introduction current indot specifications section 501. Concrete plays a vital role in the development of infrastructure viz.
The hydration reaction forms a gellike material called calcium silicate hydrate. The effect of a partial replacement of cement with slag cement on free shrinkage is evaluated for curing periods between 3 and 28 days. In the event of any complaints or symptoms, avoid further exposure. Pdf partial replacement of copper slag as fine aggregate. Acl is one of the leading cement manufacturing companies in india and commenced cement production in 1986. Slag has cementitious properties similar to portland cement. Pdf the properties of slag cement and its influence on the. Blending 10% extra iron slag to a cement composed of 49% iron slag, 43% calcined lime, and 8% steel slag kept the compressive strength of concrete above standard values for type i ordinary portand. Pdf compressive strength of high volume slag cement. Slag cement benefits and use in concrete slag cement news. The proportion of slag cement used is usually dictated by requirements for strength, durability, time of set, heat generation.
A spectacular addition to the interstate 90 corridor, the headquarters features many sustainable construction materials that contributed to leed certification, including the newcem slag cement and true lite lightweight aggregate used in the 59,000 cubic yards of highperformance concrete for the structures foundation, floors and. Slag cement is a recovered material from the iron production process, thus reducing the environmental impact of concrete mixtures. Ambuja cements history ambuja cements information the. It is also a kind of cement that helps save resources. The quantity of supplementary cementitious materials scm should not exceed one of the following. Concrete is a mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Concrete with slag cement will have a slower rate of strength gain than concrete made with 100 percent portland cement. Pdf effect of slag cement on drying shrinkage of concrete. Sca member companies supply over 95 percent of the slag cement in the u. It is substituted for portland cement on a onetoone basis by mass. Blast furnace slag as a concrete aggregate mf 1638 a. Chemical composition degree of fineness it is possible to manufacture different types of cement by changing the percentages of their raw materials. Lafargeholcim in the us cement, concrete, aggregates.
In 2006, global cement major holcim, acquired management control of the company. Founded in 1904 and headquartered in farmington hills, michigan, usa, the american concrete institute is a leading authority and resource worldwide for the development, dissemination, and adoption of its consensusbased standards, technical resources, educational programs, and proven expertise for individuals and organizations involved in concrete. One such promising material is the industrial byproduct ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs, which is known to have. The hydration process of slag cement is more complicated than portland cement. In c219, slag cement is defined as a blend of granulated blastfurnace slag and hydrated lime in which the slag constituent is more than a specified minimum. A typical combination is 50% ggbs with 50% portland cement, 4but percentages of ggbs anywhere between 20 and 80 % are commonly used. Slag cement, cem iiib, durability, chloride diffusion. Most concrete made with slag cement will have less. In concrete, slag cement may be proportioned from 20 to 80 percent depending on the application. Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate 93.
The properties of slag cement and its influence on the structure of the hardened cement paste article pdf available in procedia engineering 150. Two major uses of ggbs 2 are in the production of qualityimproved slag cement, namely portland blast furnace cement pbfc and high slag blastfurnace cement hsbfc, with ggbs content ranging typically from 30 to 70% and in the production of readymixed or sitebatched durable concrete. Slag cement is a hydraulic cement formed when granulated blast furnace slag ggbfs is ground to suitable fineness and is used to replace a portion of portland cement. Use of iron slag as partial replacement of sand to concrete. Ground granulated blast furnace slag cement ggbfs is a fine glassy granules which contain cementatious properties. Slag cement can therefore be substituted for opc in a wide range of equal mass replacement ratios. On its own, ground granulated blast furnace slag ggbs hardens very slowly and, for use in concrete, it needs to be activated by combining it with portland cement. The use of slag cement as a cementitious material dates back to 1774, when a mortar was made using slag cement in combination with slaked lime mather 1957. When this slag is actively cooled and ground, gbfs is produced, which can be utilised as a cement or concrete addition. The third criterion was the price of the binding agent. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans fly ash, ground granulated blastfurnace slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, such as calcined shale, calcined clay or metakaolin, are materials that, when used in conjunction with portland or blended cement, contribute to the properties of the hardened concrete through hydraulic or.
Concrete made with the slag blend cement met the demanding requirements for this project these including high compressive strength, high durability. Slag cement, previously known as groundgranulated blastfurnace slag \. The first recorded production in the us of blended cement containing both slag and portland cement was in 1896. The compressive strength is enlarged up to 1020% merge of stone admixture and copper slag contains concrete when contrasted with normal concrete. Pdf the properties of slag cement and its influence on. Georgia chapter aci luncheon benefits of slag cement in. Because this investigation is part of a project studying the use of concrete with land. Blast furnace slag cement is the mixture of ordinary portland cement and fine granulated blast furnace slag obtained as a by product in the manufacture of steel with percent under 70% to that of cement. Skyway slag cement plant located in chicago, illinois to eagle materials inc. Chemical burns must be treated promptly by a physician. Slag cement is a byproduct of the ironmaking process and is composed primarily of silica and calcium. Hardened blended cement pastes were prepared from each cement blend by.
Converting granulated blast furnace slag into fine aggregate. It is a recovered industrial byproduct of an iron blast furnace. Ground granulated blastfurnace slag cement ggbs, a byproduct in steel manufacture, has been used to improve concrete strength development during accelerated curing but poses a challenge of. Pdf this investigation dealt with the effect of active silica, silica fume sf or. Effects of ground granulated blast furnace slag in. The slag or cement can release, collapse or fall unexpectedly. The leaching of pahs of the remaining three types of specimens differed from 0. Pdf a ground blastfurnace granulated slag used in the production of construction materials and items differs in its chemical composition, dispersion. Initially called gujarat ambuja cements ltd, the company later became ambuja cements ltd. Slag cement also called ground granulated blast furnace slag is a hydraulic cement produced during the reduction of iron ore to iron in a blast furnace. In 1862, a granulation process was proposed to facilitate removal and. In this paper, the compressive strength of the iron slag concrete was studied.
Cements composition, types finish up cement manufacture properties of component phases types of cements chapter 2 properties of concrete neville chapter 6 concrete. Guide to the use of slag cement in concrete and mortar. Duracrete were merged to derive exponents for prediction of chloride. Fly ash and blast furnace slag for cement manufacturing gbfs is slag from the iron production in basic oxygen furnaces.
Through our extensive distribution system, newcem is available for blending with conventional portland cement at the concrete plant to produce highquality, durable concrete. The primary ingredient of slag cement is granulated blast furnace slag gbfs that is ground to a fine powder. At first, the minerals in cement clinker react with water and generate calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminate hydrate, calcium ferrite hydrate and calcium hydroxide. The sca is proud to promote the use of slag cement to ready mix producers and industry professionals who understand the durable and sustainable benefits of slag cement. Four different concrete mixes have been designed by substituting 25% of the weight of the cement with slag obtained from four different ladle furnaces in spain. The potential exists for static buildup and static.
Longterm behaviour of fly ash and slag cement grouts for. Discomfort or pain cannot be relied upon to alert a person to a serious injury. Pdf properties of blastfurnace slag cement concrete. According to aci 116, blended cements consist essentially of an intimate and uniform blend of a number of different materials. The material described in this specification may be used for blending with portland cement to produce a cement meeting the requirements of specification c595c595m or as a separate ingredient in concrete or mortar mixtures. Blast furnace slag cement has come to be widely employed, mainly in civil engineering structures, because of its high longterm strength and excellent resistance to the alkalisilica reaction and salt damage. Fly ash, slag, silica fume, and natural pozzolans, chapter 3. The mineralogical phase composition of the pozzo lan was determined by the use of powder xray. Blast furnace slag cement manufacture, properties and uses. They include portland cement as covered by aashto m85 2, portland blast furnace slag cement blended cement type is, and slag cement slag cement type s as per aashto m240. Although portland blastfurnace slag cement, which is made by intergrinding the.
Ground slag properties, characterisation and uses ccaa. The results of chemical analysis determined according to astm standard c311 12 are shown in table 1. You may not feel pain or the severity of the burn until hours after the exposure. The results confirm that the use of iron slag overcome the pollution problems in the environment.
102 1582 1261 1157 1489 1501 1499 860 1409 859 1060 799 689 842 1080 47 937 653 1362 1140 966 219 730 1541 5 1434 282 1447 1186 801 1022 1007 732 453 295 139 406 280 1352 790 697 980 608 1482 1162